The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: 2С1 «Гвоздика»; English: carnation) is a Soviet 122-mm self-propelled howitzer that resembles the PT-76 but is essentially a version of the MT-LB APC. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. Alternative Russian designation is SAU-122 but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika ("Carnation"). The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. It is NBC protected and has infra-red night-vision capability
Production history
The first prototype was ready in 1969. The S21 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). Designated the M1974 by the US Army. Manufactured in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian state factories.
former Soviet Union
MT-LBu - Bigger variant of the MT-LB, has the longer chassis and stronger engine of the 2S1.
UR-77 "Meteorit" (ustanovka razminirovaniya) - mine clearing vehicle with turret-like superstructure for two launch ramps. These are used to fire mine clearance hoses UZP-77 with rockets into a mine field after which the hoses are command detonated. This way, an area of 90 by 6 m can be cleared. The UR-77 is the successor for the BTR-50 based UR-67.
RKhM "Kashalot" (razvedivatel’naya khimicheskaya mashina) - chemical reconnaissance vehicle with detection, marking and alarm devices. This model has the hull shape and single rear of the 2S1 but the short chassis and machine gun turret of the MT-LB. Former Western designator: ATV M1979/4.
RKhM-K - command version with additional signal equipment but without sensors or markers
The first prototype was ready in 1969. The S21 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). Designated the M1974 by the US Army. Manufactured in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian state factories.
former Soviet Union
MT-LBu - Bigger variant of the MT-LB, has the longer chassis and stronger engine of the 2S1.
UR-77 "Meteorit" (ustanovka razminirovaniya) - mine clearing vehicle with turret-like superstructure for two launch ramps. These are used to fire mine clearance hoses UZP-77 with rockets into a mine field after which the hoses are command detonated. This way, an area of 90 by 6 m can be cleared. The UR-77 is the successor for the BTR-50 based UR-67.
RKhM "Kashalot" (razvedivatel’naya khimicheskaya mashina) - chemical reconnaissance vehicle with detection, marking and alarm devices. This model has the hull shape and single rear of the 2S1 but the short chassis and machine gun turret of the MT-LB. Former Western designator: ATV M1979/4.
RKhM-K - command version with additional signal equipment but without sensors or markers
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